RESUMO
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality with the median age of incidence being 69 years in males and 67 years in females. Radiochemotherapy (RT-CHT) is indicated in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and limited-stage small-cell lung cancer; however, a significant under-representation of the elderly has been observed in patient recruitment in cancer treatment trials. In the last decades of the 20th Century, studies showed that elderly patients achieved the best quality-adjusted survival with radiotherapy alone, but recent trials have found that fit elderly patients benefit from concurrent RT-CHT, although with more short-term toxicity. Age alone should not exclude fit patients and deprive them of the standard treatment. Using tools, such as comprehensive geriatric assessment, a patient's tolerance to therapy can be assessed and monitoring can be performed. This review will focus on RT-CHT treatment in elderly patients with nonoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer and limited-stage small-cell lung cancer exclusively.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/radioterapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Radiochemotherapy has become a standard approach in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer and limited disease small cell lung cancer. Most of the data supporting this observation come from the developed world and only extremely rarely have good-quality clinical trials been carried out in developing countries. It is therefore of paramount importance to put the experience of the developed world into the context of the limited resources and other health care problems of developing countries. In this overview, the problems with the implementation of such data are discussed. The necessity of carrying out clinical trials specifically designed to address the needs of developing countries is emphasised. The research on cheaper ways of radiochemotherapy combination should be encouraged. The specific national guidelines for local needs should be created and followed. The availability of radiotherapy equipment is of major importance, as radiotherapy has a pivotal role in non-surgical treatment of lung cancer, especially in the developing world.
